Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) with intrachromosomal amplification of chromosome 21 (iAMP21) is rare and has not been well characterized. We report 13 patients, 7 men and 6 women, with a median age of 65 years. Eleven patients presented with AML with myelodysplasia-related changes, and two patients had therapy-related AML. Cytopenias were detected in all patients (11 pancytopenia and two bi-lineage cytopenia). Myelodysplastic changes were observed in all 11 patients with adequate cells to evaluate. Myelofibrosis was present in ten patients. All patients had a complex karyotype, including abnormalities of chromosomes 5, 7, 17, and hsr(21)(q22), and ten patients showed TP53 deletion and/or mutation. Eleven patients received AML-based chemotherapy, one of whom also received hematopoietic stem cell transplant. By the end of the last follow-up, eight patients died with median survival of 3.2 months, four patients were alive with persistent AML, and one was in complete remission. The median overall survival was 6 months for all patients. We conclude that AML with iAMP21 is often associated with cytopenias, myelodysplasia, a complex karyotype, TP53 mutation/deletion, and a poor prognosis despite current therapies.