.1). Thus, the probability that a follow-up biopsy demonstrates cancer depends on PSA and ASAPs, and even when ASAPs are present, serum PSA exerts an influence. For example, low PSA values, 5 ng/mL (5 mug/L) or less, are associated with low probabilities of a positive follow-up biopsy result, even when ASAPs were present in the first biopsy specimen. For higher PSA values, the presence of ASAPs dramatically increases the probability of a positive follow-up biopsy result compared with cases with no atypia or PIN in the first biopsy specimen.
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